The urgency of the problem is determined by the necessity to solve micro- and macro-sociolinguistics problems (first of all attitudes towards mother tongue investigation) for formation of language regional policy. The description of language functioning sphere of numerous ethnic groups on the territory of Kazakhstan, notably a degree of mother tongue proficiency, measures on its maintenance in the given context, enables to make conclusions about changes in ethnic awareness and transformation of ethnic groups in the multinational area. The issues of ethnic awareness studying connected with a life of ethnic minorities are becoming more and more important, because the functional status of many minorities’ languages of former USSR by virtue of circumstances has dramatically decreased, and in some cases the fact of their existence are under threat. The main purpose of the research is to describe the sociolinguistic development tendency in Kazakhstan in terms of correlating factors of ethnic differentiation and the possibility of interethnic integration (on the example of diasporas).