Perspectives on the state have changed as a result of the influences of neoliberal policies after 1980. Current understanding of regulatory and supervisory state seems to have shrunk the space for state actions and intervention. Also the New Public Management (NPM) approach has begun to rule over on the public administration field. The theoretical foundations of NPM come from the fields of economics and business administration and it is based on principles such as decentralization, limited government, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency. As well as many areas, NPM has also affected the health field and has directed the reforms in this area. In this respect private sector began to take a greater role in the production and delivery of health care and applications of autonomy and decentralization came to the fore. This process has also affected the Turkish health system as well as shaped the Health Transformation Programme published in 2003. Within this study NPM and its effects on health care system was explained. Than the effects of NPM on the Turkish health care system and how the Turkish health care system underwent this transformation programme was discussed.