Occupational accident is defined in ESAW (European Statistics on Accidents at Work) methodology as a discrete occurrence in the course of work which leads to physical or mental harm. The phrase ‘in the course of work’ means ‘while engaged in an occupational activity or during the time spent at work. A ‘fatal accident’, on the other hand, means an accident which leads to the death of a victim within one year of the accident. Many international regulations are interested in the task to reduce the increasing number of occupational accidents. One of such regulations is the European Social Charter, which declares the right to safe and healthy working conditions in Article 3, which means it ensures the effective exercise of the right by means of consultation with the workers’ and employers’ organizations. The Charter suggests a coherent national policy on occupational safety, occupational health and the working environment. Thus, it requires improvement in occupational safety and health and prevention of accidents and injuries to health which occur during work. It advises that reasons for the hazards inherent in the working environment should not be ignored or minimized. Thus, it underlines the prominence of safety and health regulations and their implementation through measures of supervision. In addition, it recommends the promotion of progressive development via occupational health services for all workers with essentially preventive and advisory functions. Hence, the European Social Charter draws the lines for a safe and healthy work atmosphere. However, countries such as Turkey have practical problems regarding the realization of the Charter. According to the statistics of Workers’ Health and Work Safety Council in Turkey, 1235 workers died in 2013 as a result of occupational accidents. Most of the deaths occur mainly in two areas, which are construction and mining. To conclude, the objective of this study is to examine the reasons for the increase in the number of occupational accidents and fatalities by referring to the scope of the European Social Charter.