The focus of this study is on the problem of instruments of supply chain management, pointing to their effect on efficiency of management in an enterprise from the cement sector. The investigations were divided into three basic parts. The first part of the study presents the presumptions for development of problems of Financial Supply Chain as an instrument of management in the supply chain. The investigations presented in the second part emphasize key dimensions of the supply chain with respect to the financial supply chain, extended with the institutional, functional, financial and economic contexts. The last part of the study contains a presentation of the results of empirical studies carried out in the area of identification and quantification of dimensions of the financial supply chain in the enterprise studied. The paper aims to familiarize with and evaluate the dimensions of management of current and development activities in an enterprise from the cement sector in Poland with regard for the instrumental role of the financial supply chain. The research methodologies used for achievement of the study aim include literature survey, descriptive analysis of the Financial Supply Chain and trend analysis for financial liquidity ratio in the enterprise from the cement sector analysed in the study. The research period was the years 2005-2013. The problems of management instruments in the supply chain are important and topical due to their effect on decision-making processes in the area of enterprise performance in the cement sector.