The higher education sector in science and technology in Thailand these days confronts the severe competition from both universities in Thailand and from overseas. In addition, the Thai government issued the policy for all public universities to become autonomous universities. It means that these universities may get less financial support from the government. Effective allocation and utilization of educational resources can help universities survive amid these challenges. It is important to see the efficiency of the universities in Thailand in order to understand the operational environment of these universities. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of public universities in Thailand. In this study, 22 public universities in Thailand were investigated. Input factors are university expenditures, research grants, and number of academy staffs. Output factors are graduate rates (%), graduates’ employment rate (%), and number of publications. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was analysed. The result of efficient and inefficient universities can be indicated. It is suggested for the improvement of university performance in an inefficient sector.