The Canadian constitution assigns responsibility for education to both the provincial and federal governments. Each level of government is responsible for education with in their areas of jurisdiction. Provincial governments have developed comprehensive systems of education, including special education, for students. The federal government of Canada has not. While expecting their schools to provide provincial levels of special education programs and services, the federal government refuses to provide the required provincial level of special education funding. Their students, e.g., First Nation students, attending schools on reserves (i.e., First Nations) do not have access to required special education programs, services, and personnel at their local school. The result is that First Nation students requiring special education programs, services, and personnel have two choices. First, leave their home communities to attend a provincial school to have their special education needs met. Second, remain at their local school without the needed special education programs, services, and personnel. This paper will review the federal government of Canada’s history in special education and make recommendations.